American Water Spaniel

The American Water Spaniel's origins are somewhat unclear. They likely came from a mix of smaller English Water Spaniels, Irish Water Spaniels, and possibly the Curly-coated Retriever in the 18th century. 

Though detailed records only emerged in the mid-1800s, the breed quickly gained recognition as a skilled gun dog and hunting companion, particularly in the Midwest.

As larger retriever breeds gained popularity, the American Water Spaniel faced a decline until Dr. F.J. Pfeifer of New London, Wisconsin, intervened. 

Dr. Pfeifer's efforts saved the breed from extinction, establishing breeding standards and promoting recognition by kennel clubs. It was recognized by the American Kennel Club in the 1940s. In 1986, it was named the state dog of Wisconsin.

Today, despite their historical significance, American Water Spaniels remain a rare breed, with fewer than 3,000 individuals. 

American Water Spaniels are renowned for their loyalty, intelligence, and boundless energy. They make excellent companions for active families, enjoying outdoor adventures and playtime. 

With their gentle demeanor, they get along well with children and other pets, adding joy to any household.

• Temperament

These dogs exhibit a friendly and affectionate temperament, eager to please their owners. They thrive on companionship and enjoy participating in various activities. They make affectionate family pets but tend to form stronger bonds with individuals who give time and attention to them.

With proper training and socialization, American Water Spaniels display a balanced and well-rounded temperament, making them cherished members of the family.

American Water Spaniels have a sturdy and muscular build. One of the most distinctive features of the American Water Spaniel is its large ears, which are covered in long, curly hair. The ears hang close to the dog's head and are set relatively low on the skull. American Water Spaniels have dark brown eyes that are almond-shaped and set far apart. 

The tail of the American Water Spaniel is long, thick, and tapered. The breed has webbed feet, which helps them swim quickly and efficiently. Their nails are usually dark and may be black or brown. 

• Size

These are considered a medium-sized dog breed. American Water Spaniels typically weigh between 30 and 45 pounds and stand 18 to 20 inches tall at the shoulder. They are slightly longer than they are tall, with a compact, sturdy build.

• Coat and Color

The American Water Spaniel has a thick, double coat that is water-resistant and helps protect the dog from cold weather. 

The outer coat is coarse and marcel, while the undercoat is soft and dense. Common coat colors include liver, brown, dark brown, or chocolate. Some dogs may have white markings on their chest or feet. 

1. Chocolate American Water Spaniel -Source: AKC
2. Liver Brown American Water Spaniel- source: Pixabay

Although the gender differences, in terms of size, are quite minor, male and female American Water Spaniels have other differences.

• Temperament  

Male American Water Spaniels tend to be more independent and aloof than their female counterparts. They are also less likely to be attached to their owner's side 24/7. 

Females, on the other hand, are typically more affectionate and clingy. They thrive on human companionship and can often follow their owners around from room to room. 

So, if you're looking for a dog who will be content lying at your feet or one who will want to join you on every adventure, you'll want to choose accordingly.

• Energy Level 

This is another area where there is a clear divide between males and females. Male American Water Spaniels tend to have higher energy levels than females and require more exercise.

A female may be your best bet if you’re looking for a laid-back dog who is content with a few short walks around the block. However, a male American Water Spaniel may be a better fit for your lifestyle if you’re an active person who loves hiking, running, or swimming.

As with any dog breed, providing a balanced diet tailored to their age, size, and activity level is crucial for maintaining optimal health and energy levels.

When it comes to feeding your American Water Spaniel, you have a few options. You can feed them dry kibble, wet food, or a combination. 

It's really up to you and what your pup prefers. Make sure the food you choose is high quality and appropriate for their life stage. For example, puppies need more calories and fat food than adult dog food because they are growing and need extra energy. 

If you decide to feed your American Water Spaniel dry kibble, look for a food that is high in protein and low in fillers like corn or soy. The first ingredient listed on the label should be meat (preferably chicken, turkey, or lamb), followed by vegetables. Avoid foods that contain artificial ingredients like flavorings or preservatives. 

As always, consult with your veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations.

Water Spaniels are generally a healthy breed, but like all dogs, they may be prone to certain health concerns:

• Flank Alopecia: This condition, also known as recurrent flank alopecia, can result in hair loss and skin irritation. To manage flank alopecia, it's essential to monitor your dog's skin health closely. Regular grooming, including brushing to stimulate blood flow to the skin, and using gentle, hypoallergenic shampoos can help alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, your veterinarian may recommend topical or oral medications to reduce inflammation and promote hair regrowth.
• Pattern Baldness (Saddle Alopecia): Some American Water Spaniels may develop pattern baldness, particularly in the saddle area of their back. While this condition is primarily cosmetic and not harmful to your dog's health, it can affect their appearance. To manage saddle alopecia, maintaining a healthy diet rich in essential nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, can promote coat health and minimize hair loss. Regular grooming practices, including weekly brushing and occasional baths with mild, moisturizing shampoos, can also help keep your dog's coat in optimal condition.
• Cataracts: Like many breeds, American Water Spaniels can be prone to cataracts, which can impair vision if left untreated. Regular eye examinations by a veterinary ophthalmologist are essential for detecting and monitoring cataracts early on. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove cataracts and restore vision. However, preventive measures such as providing a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, maintaining a healthy weight, and protecting your dog's eyes from trauma or injury can help reduce the risk of cataract formation.
• Retinal Dysplasia: Retinal dysplasia affects the development of the retina and can lead to vision impairment or blindness. Early detection through veterinary eye exams is crucial for managing retinal dysplasia and providing appropriate care to maintain your dog's quality of life. While there is no cure for retinal dysplasia, supportive treatments such as nutritional supplementation with antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids may help slow disease progression and preserve vision for as long as possible.

By staying informed about these common health concerns and working closely with your veterinarian to implement preventive care measures and appropriate treatments, you can help ensure your American Water Spaniel enjoys a long and healthy life.

The American Water Spaniel has a coat of curly, dense fur that needs to be brushed regularly. It is also important to bathe your dog regularly to keep its coat clean and free of dirt and debris. When bathing your American Water Spaniel, use a mild shampoo designed for dogs. 

After you have brushed and bathed your American Water Spaniel, it is important to dry its fur completely. Wet fur can lead to skin irritation and other problems. 

It is important to trim their nails regularly. Longer nails can curl under their feet, which can be painful. You can take them to a groomer or use nail trimmers designed specifically for dogs.

Only cut off the tips when trimming your American Water Spaniels nails. Do not cut into the quick, as this can be painful for your dog and may cause bleeding. If you are unsure where the quick is, it is best to take them to a groomer or vet so they can show you how to trim their nails properly. 

For those interested in adopting an American Water Spaniel, several rescue organizations specialize in rehoming this breed. 

AmericanWaterSpaniel.RescueMe.org

MaryLandPet.org

When considering purchasing an American Water Spaniel puppy, it's crucial to seek reputable breeders who prioritize the health and welfare of their dogs.

MarketPlace.AKC.org

PetFinder.com

• They were honored as the state dog of Wisconsin in 1865.
• These are believed to be bred to be versatile hunting dogs who could retrieve from water and land alike.
• After almost going extinct in the 20th century and being saved by Dr. Pfiefer, the first American Water Spaniel registered at AKC was named Curly Pfiefer.
• Appeared in the Breed Judging show in 2024.

The American Water Spaniel thrives in active households where they can participate in outdoor adventures such as hiking, swimming, and retrieving games. They also excel in various dog sports and obedience training.