Bernese Mountain Dog

One ancient breed, the Molosser, is one of the most versatile, well-traveled, and influential in developing various Mastiff-type dogs, including Berners. It’s believed that the four Swiss Sennenhund breeds (Appenzeller Sennenhund, Entlebucher Sennenhund, Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, and Berner Sennenhund) developed from crosses between farm dogs from the Swiss Alps and the Molosser or Mastiff-type dogs brought by the Romans when they invaded the Alps in the first century B.C.

1. Bernese Mountain Dog- Source: Unsplash
2. Entlebucher Mountain Dog- Source: Pixabay
3. Greater Swiss Mountain Dog- Source: Pixabay
4. Appenzeller Sennenhund- Source: Pixabay

Bernese Mountain Dogs likely worked on Swiss farms for over 2,000 years, quietly serving on small holdings in the Alps. They pulled carts, accompanied livestock, stood watch, and provided loyal companionship. By 1888, only 36 percent of the Swiss population worked in agriculture, reducing the need for strong dogs to herd cattle and pull carts.

In 1899, the Swiss aimed to preserve their native breeds and founded a dog club called Berna, which included breeders of various purebred dogs. In 1902, the Swiss dog club sponsored a show at Ostermundigen that highlighted the Swiss mountain breeds.

Two years later, the breeds progressed through several events. At an international dog show in Bern, the Swiss dog club sponsored a class for Swiss “shepherd dogs,” including the Mountain dogs. This was the first year these dogs were referred to as “Bernese.” In the same year, the Swiss Kennel Club recognized Bernese Mountain Dogs as a breed.

World War I interrupted dog shows and breeding, but after the war, the first Bernese Mountain Dogs were exported, first to Holland and then to the United States. 
In 1936, two British breeders began importing Berners, and the first litter of Berner pups was born in England. The same year, the Glen Shadow Kennel in Louisiana imported a female and a male Berner from Switzerland. By early 1937, the AKC accepted the Bernese Mountain Dog as a new breed in the Working Class.

1. Bernese Mountain Dog History- Source: AKC

World War II again interrupted the breed’s progress outside its native land, but importation and registration resumed in the United States after 1945. In 1968, the Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America was founded with 62 members and 43 registered Berners. Three years later, the club had more than 100 members.

The breed, which had died out in England during World War II, was reintroduced in Great Britain. The Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America became a member club of the AKC in 1981. In 1990, the AKC adopted the current Bernese Mountain Dog standard.

The Berner is an affectionate, intelligent, and alert dog. They’re gentle, calm, and tolerant, thriving on being included in family activities. Their large size is one of their most notable features, and early training is essential to teach them proper behavior in the house and with people.

• Temperament

Berners are slow to mature, reaching adult size long before they achieve mental maturity. They are protective of their family but are not usually aggressive. Often aloof with strangers and generally a bit shy, Berners benefit greatly from exposure to a wide variety of people, animals, and situations from a young age.

• Potential Challenges

Bernese Mountain Dogs come with some potential challenges. Their large size requires consistent training for proper behavior, especially considering their slow maturity. Health issues like dysplasia and bloat can also be concerns, requiring regular veterinary care. Their thick coat demands frequent grooming, and they thrive in cooler climates due to their sensitivity to heat. 

Additionally, they need ample exercise to prevent boredom and destructive tendencies. Lastly, their lifespan is relatively short, averaging around 7-10 years, which is worth noting for prospective owners seeking a long-term companion.

The Bernese Mountain Dog, originally bred for work rather than appearance, possesses a simple yet charming beauty. They have a robust build, featuring a sizable head adorned with floppy ears and a lengthy, fluffy tail. Their face usually showcases large, warm brown eyes and a dark nose.

• Size

At 6 months old, the dog stands at 14.0 inches tall and weighs 40.0 lbs. By 12 months, it reaches a height of 20.0 inches and weighs 65.0 lbs. At 18 months, it measures 23.0 inches in height and weighs 97.5 lbs.

• Coat color

The Berner has a double-layered coat: a longer outer coat and a soft undercoat. It has a tri-color coat which is mostly black with patches of rust and white. They typically have a white spot on their chest, a white stripe between the eyes, and white on the tip of their tail.

The Berner's coat is beautiful and functional, providing insulation and protection from harsh weather conditions. Their thick double coat keeps them warm in cold climates and helps repel water when they're outdoors. It's common for Berners to have a slight wave or curl to their outer coat, adding to their unique appearance. 

Additionally, their tricolored pattern is not only eye-catching but also serves as a form of camouflage, blending in with the natural surroundings when they're out in the fields or mountains. 

1. Tricolor Bernese Mountain Dog- Source: Pixabay

• Size

On average, male Bernese Mountain Dogs reach a height of 25 to 28 inches at the shoulder and weigh between 80 to 115 pounds. Females typically stand between 23 to 26 inches tall and weigh around 70 to 95 pounds. However, individual dogs within the breed may vary in size, with some being smaller or larger than these averages.

• Temperament

Bernese Mountain Dogs, both male and female, are known for their kindness, affection, and love towards their owners. However, male Bernese Mountain Dogs, particularly with early socialization, tend to exhibit laid-back and gentle behavior. While they may occasionally display stubbornness, especially during growth, they remain loving and affectionate companions throughout.

Female Bernese Mountain Dogs are loving but may experience more mood swings than males, although this doesn't typically lead to aggression. They are also more independent compared to males, who may exhibit occasional stubbornness but are generally more attentive to their owners.

Beginning with 2.5 cups of food daily is a suitable starting measure for feeding a Bernese Mountain Dog. Adjusting the amount of food should be the first consideration, ensuring it meets the needs of a large-sized breed with high energy levels and exercise requirements. 

Consult your veterinarian or a qualified nutritionist for guidance on appropriate portion sizes and food choices for your Berner. Their dietary needs will evolve as they transition from puppyhood to adulthood and senior age, so staying informed about these nutritional requirements is crucial.

Bernese Mountain Dogs can be prone to certain health issues, often due to irresponsible breeding practices. While not all Berners will develop these conditions, it's crucial to be aware of them if considering this breed.

• Cancer: Various forms of cancer, leading to early death, can affect Bernese Mountain Dogs. Symptoms include abnormal swelling, sores that don’t heal, bleeding, and breathing difficulties. Treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, and medication.
• Hip Dysplasia: This inherited condition causes the thighbone to fit poorly into the hip joint, leading to pain and lameness. Arthritis can develop as the dog ages. Dogs with hip dysplasia should not be bred.
• Elbow Dysplasia: Similar to hip dysplasia, this degenerative disease affects large-breed dogs and results in arthritis or lameness. Treatment includes surgery and medication.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A family of eye diseases causing gradual vision loss, starting with night blindness. Dogs can adapt to limited vision.
• Portosystemic Shunt (PSS): An abnormal blood flow between the liver and body, leading to various symptoms like neurobehavioral abnormalities and stunted growth. Corrective surgery and diet management can help.
• Von Willebrand’s Disease: A blood disorder causing symptoms like nosebleeds and prolonged bleeding. Management includes cauterizing injuries and transfusions.
• Panosteitis: Causes self-limiting lameness in young dogs. Rest and restricted activity may be necessary.
• Gastric Torsion (Bloat): A life-threatening condition affecting deep-chested dogs. Symptoms include a distended abdomen, excessive salivation, and weakness. Immediate medical attention is necessary.

Beauty comes with a cost when it comes to Bernese Mountain Dogs, they shed moderately year-round, with heavier shedding in spring and fall. Regular brushing helps minimize loose hair and keeps their coat tidy. Bathing every three months maintains their appearance.

To maintain good oral health, brush your Berner's teeth two or three times a week, or ideally daily, to prevent tartar buildup and gum disease. Trim their nails monthly to avoid discomfort and tears, and check their ears weekly for signs of infection.

Get your Berner accustomed to grooming from a young age by handling their paws, checking their ears, and examining their mouth regularly. Make grooming a positive experience with rewards and praise to ensure cooperative behavior during veterinary visits.

During grooming sessions, inspect your Berner for any skin abnormalities, eye discharge, or signs of infection. Early detection through regular grooming can help address potential health issues promptly.

For those considering adoption, numerous rescue groups specialize in Bernese Mountain Dog. Adopting from these organizations not only provides a loving home for a dog in need but also supports responsible pet ownership.

RESCUE | BMDCA

National Bernese Mountain Dog Rescue Network

For those interested in purchasing a Bernese Mountain Dog, reputable breeders adhere to high standards to ensure the health and well-being of their dogs. They perform health screenings and genetic testing to minimize the risk of inherited diseases. These breeders also provide proper socialization and care from an early age, setting a strong foundation for a healthy and well-adjusted pet.

AKC Marketplace

Greenfield puppies

• Bernese Mountain Dogs thrive in cold climates, thanks to their thick double coat. They enjoy playing in the snow and can withstand chilly temperatures much better than hot climates.
• A Bernese Mountain Dog named Wilson plays a significant role in the movie “ Good Boys”.

1. Good boy - Source: Wikipedia

• They appeared in dog breed judging in 2023.

Bernese Mountain Dogs are ideal for active individuals or families who enjoy spending time outdoors and have a spacious living area. They thrive in environments where they receive regular grooming, companionship, and training. These gentle and loyal dogs are also great with children, making them excellent family pets.